Baroque-era makeup was highly toxic and could lead to severe skin damage, hair loss, and death.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the 'Venetian ceruse' was the most coveted cosmetic for the European aristocracy. This pigment was created by mixing water, vinegar, and carbonate of lead. Because lead is a potent neurotoxin, prolonged use led to systemic poisoning. Symptoms included abdominal pain, muscle weakness, and a distinctive 'lead line' on the gums.As the lead destroyed the skin's natural texture and color, users developed deep scarring and a grayish complexion. Ironically, the standard response was to apply heavier coats of the toxic paste to mask the damage. This caused the hair to recede and fall out, which is one reason why elaborate powdered wigs became a necessity for the elite during this era.Beyond lead, the vibrant red rouge used on cheeks often contained cinnabar, which is a toxic form of mercury sulfide. Mercury exposure causes tremors, cognitive impairment, and kidney failure. Historical records suggest that famous figures like Maria Coventry, the Countess of Coventry, died in 1760 at age 27 specifically due to blood poisoning from her lead-based makeup.Scientific analysis of skeletal remains from this period often shows high concentrations of heavy metals. It was not until the late 19th century that the medical community fully connected these cosmetics to the high mortality rates among socialites. Today, these substances are strictly regulated by organizations like the FDA to prevent such systemic toxicity.