Squirrels use 'fake' burials to trick food thieves.

Research conducted at Wilkes University in Pennsylvania has shown that Eastern gray squirrels engage in complex tactical deception. During a 2008 study led by Professor Michael A. Steele, researchers observed that squirrels increased their 'sham' burials by up to 20% when they realized they were being watched by other squirrels or humans. This behavior is a direct response to the threat of 'pilferage,' where competitors steal cached food.The process involves the squirrel digging a hole, thrusting its head into the ground as if depositing a nut, and then covering the empty site with dirt and leaves. While performing this ruse, the squirrel actually keeps the nut tucked in its cheek pouches. This sophisticated behavior suggests that squirrels possess a 'theory of mind,' meaning they can attribute mental states and intentions to others.Steele’s team found that squirrels are more likely to perform these fake burials when the food source is particularly valuable, such as large acorns or nuts with high fat content. By creating multiple decoy sites, the squirrel forces potential thieves to spend time and energy digging in empty locations. This defensive strategy is essential for survival, as squirrels can lose up to 25% of their stored food to theft during the harsh winter months.