As you age, your ligaments lose water and become brittle like dry sticks instead of flexible ropes.

Ligaments are composed of approximately 70% water and 30% solids, primarily Type I collagen. Within this matrix, specialized molecules called proteoglycans, such as decorin and biglycan, act as biological sponges to retain moisture. Research published in the Journal of Anatomy indicates that as humans age, the concentration and quality of these proteoglycans decrease significantly.This loss of hydration alters the mechanical properties of the tissue. In younger individuals, the high water content allows collagen fibers to glide past one another smoothly. As hydration levels drop, the fibers become densely packed and less compliant. This transition is often compared to the difference between a supple, wet sponge and a hard, dry one.Furthermore, a process called non-enzymatic glycation occurs over decades. This creates advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) which form 'cross-links' between collagen strands. These chemical bonds act like glue, physically locking the fibers in place and preventing the natural stretching required for joint mobility.Studies by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons suggest that regular physical activity can mitigate some of these effects. Movement stimulates the production of synovial fluid, which helps transport nutrients and moisture back into the ligamentous tissue. Maintaining adequate systemic hydration also supports the osmotic pressure needed to keep these connective tissues resilient.