Chameleons can see ultraviolet light to hunt and communicate.

Chameleons possess a complex visual system featuring four types of cone cells, making them tetrachromatic. While humans only have three types of cones for red, green, and blue, chameleons have a fourth specifically tuned to the ultraviolet spectrum. This allows them to perceive a world of color and detail that is completely hidden from the human eye.Research published in journals like 'The Anatomical Record' highlights that UV vision is critical for social interactions. Many chameleon species display UV-reflective patterns on their skin that serve as honest signals of health or dominance. These patterns are used to attract mates or warn off rivals without attracting the attention of predators that lack UV vision.Beyond communication, UV light plays a vital role in their physical health. A study by Dr. Gary Ferguson at Texas Christian University demonstrated that chameleons can precisely regulate their UV intake. They use their specialized vision to find the perfect balance of sunlight needed to synthesize Vitamin D3, which is essential for calcium absorption.This ability also makes them highly effective hunters. Many insects and plants have UV-reflective properties that create high contrast against the background. By seeing in UV, a chameleon can easily distinguish a camouflaged insect from a leaf, giving them a significant advantage in the wild.