Chewing gum helps prevent ear pain during flights by equalizing air pressure.

The human ear is separated from the outside world by the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. For it to vibrate correctly, the air pressure in the middle ear must match the external environment. During takeoff and landing, cabin pressure changes faster than the ear can naturally adjust, leading to a condition called ear barotrauma.The Eustachian tube is a narrow canal that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. Under normal conditions, this tube stays closed to protect the ear from bacteria. However, the physical act of chewing and swallowing activates the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini muscles. These muscles pull the Eustachian tube open, allowing air to rush in or out.A study published in the journal 'Clinical Otolaryngology' highlights that regular swallowing is the most effective way to manage these pressure shifts. While the Valsalva maneuver is another common technique, chewing gum is often recommended by the Mayo Clinic because it provides a continuous, rhythmic stimulus for the tubes to open. This prevents the vacuum effect that stretches the eardrum and causes sharp pain.If the pressure is not equalized, the eardrum can bulge inward or outward, potentially leading to hearing loss or fluid buildup. This is why pediatricians often suggest feeding babies during flights, as the sucking and swallowing action performs the same function as chewing gum for adults. Ensuring these tubes open frequently is the primary defense against altitude-induced ear discomfort.