Earth's core acts as a giant generator that creates a magnetic shield against space radiation.

The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the geodynamo process occurring in the outer core, located roughly 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles) beneath the surface. This layer consists primarily of molten iron and nickel at temperatures reaching 5,000 degrees Celsius. As the Earth rotates, the fluid motion of these conductive metals creates electrical currents, which in turn generate the planetary magnetic field.This process is driven by convection currents as heat escapes from the solid inner core to the cooler mantle. Research published by NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) indicates that the magnetosphere extends tens of thousands of kilometers into space. It acts as a vital barrier against the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emitted by the Sun at speeds of up to 1.6 million kilometers per hour.Evidence from geological studies suggests that Mars lost its global magnetic field approximately 4 billion years ago. Without this protection, solar radiation stripped away the Martian atmosphere, turning it into a cold desert. On Earth, the magnetic field also interacts with solar particles at the poles to produce the Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis, providing visible proof of our planet's invisible shield.